Business and Management Words to Use in IB Assignments

Business and Management Words for IB Assignments

Your grade depends on how well you know the subject’s terminology. The IB examiners want to see that you can explain concepts and topics with the kind of language real professionals would apply. So, we’ve compiled a list of all the Business and Management terms to use in IB assignments.

📌 Business Foundations & Ownership

Annual General Meeting (AGM)

Articles of Association

Business angels

Business etiquette

Business model

Business plan

Certificate of Incorporation

Co-op

Divorce of ownership and control

Entrepreneurs

Franchisee

Franchisor

Licensing costs

Memorandum of Association

Partnerships

Private Limited Company (Ltd)

Private sector

Public corporations

Public Limited Company (PLC)

Public sector

Royalty payments

Share capital

Share issue

Shares

Silent partner

Sole trader

Stakeholder

📌 Marketing & Market Research

4Ps / 7Ps

AB testing

Ad hoc research

Advertising

BCG Matrix

Bespoke research

Boston Matrix

Brand awareness

Brand loyalty

Brand value

Cluster sampling

Consumer panels

Continuous research

Convenience sampling

Desk research

Distribution channels

Field research

Focus group

Government publications

Market analysis

Market research

Marketing mix

Media articles

Non-sampling errors

Observations

Packaging

Penetration pricing

Population

Primary research

Promotion

Psychological pricing

Public Relations

Qualitative research

Quantitative research

Quota sampling

Random sampling

Retailers

Sampling

Sampling errors

Secondary research

Skimming

Snowballing

Stratified random sampling

Supply chain

Survey

Wholesalers

📌 Corporate Strategy & Growth

Acquisitions

Aims

Change resistance

Competitive advantage

Competitive strategy

Conglomerate integration

External growth

Globalisation

Goodwill

Horizontal integration

Hostile takeover

Inorganic growth

Internal growth

Joint venture

Lateral integration

Mergers

Mission statement

Objectives

Organic growth

Sectoral change

SMART objectives

Speculation

Strategic alliance

Structural change

Tactics

Takeover

Takeover bid

Vertical integration (backward)

Vertical integration (forward)

Vision statement

📌 Leadership & Management

Autocratic leadership

Commanding

Controlling

Decentralisation

Delegation

Democratic leadership

Directors

Functions of management

Integrated management

Laissez-faire leadership

Leadership skills

Leadership style

Management

Managers

Paternalistic leadership

Situational leadership

📌 Organizational Culture

Adaptive cultures

Artefacts

Collectivism

Corporate culture

Cultural intelligence

Culture clash

Culture gap

Espoused values

Individualism

Inert cultures

Innovative cultures

Long-term orientation

Masculinity

Organizational culture

Person cultures

Power cultures

Role cultures

Shared basic assumptions

Short-term orientation

Sociability

Solidarity

Task cultures

Tough-guy, macho culture

Uncertainty avoidance

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📌 Human Resources & Workforce

360-degree appraisal

360-degree feedback

Application form

Application process

Appraisal

Commercial employment agencies

Constructive dismissal

Cover letter

Curriculum vitae (CV)

Dismissal

Employee referrals

External recruitment

Flexible work patterns

Flextime

Formative appraisal

Gross misconduct

Homeworking

Human resource management (HRM)

Incompetence

Induction training

Internal recruitment

Involuntary redundancies

Job analysis

Job centres

Job description

Job sharing

Job specification

Labour

Layoffs

Letter of application

Mentoring

Misconduct

Off-the-job training

Offshoring

On-the-job training

Outsourcing

Part-time employment

Performance management

Person specification

Portfolio working

Recruitment

Redeployment

Redundancy

Reshoring

Retention

Retrenchment

Selection process

Self-appraisal

Shiftwork

Stress management

Summative appraisal

Team building

Teleworking

Testing

Training

Voluntary redundancies

Workforce

Workforce planning

📌 Motivation & Pay Systems

Adam’s Equity Theory

Commission

Employee share ownership schemes

Esteem needs

Extrinsic motivation

Fringe payments

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

Intrinsic motivation

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Mayo’s Hawthorne effect

Motivation

Non-financial rewards

Overtime rate

Performance-related pay

Perks

Physiological needs

Piece rate

Pink’s Drive Theory

Profit-related pay

Salaries

Self-actualisation

Social needs

Taylor’s motivation theory

Time rate

Wages

📌 Industrial Relations & Conflict

Agreement manipulation

Arbitration

Collective bargaining

Communication

Compromise

Conciliation

Conflict

Conflict resolution

Employers’ associations

Employers’ representatives

Explicit coercion

Facilitation

Go-slows

Implicit coercion

Industrial action

Industrial democracy

Involvement facilitation

Labour unions

Lock-outs

Mediation

Negotiation

Overtime bans

Participation

Pendulum arbitration

Public relations

Sanctions

Self-associations

Staff associations

Strike action

Threat of redundancies

Trade unions

Walk-outs

Work to rule

📌 Finance: Sources of Finance

Bonds

Business angels

Business development loan

Debentures

Donations

Equity finance

External financing

Grants

Hire purchase

Initial Public Offering (IPO)

Interest-bearing sources

Internal financing

Leasing

Loan capital

Retained profit

Revenue streams

Sale and leaseback

Share issue

Sponsorship revenue

Subsidies

Venture capital

Venture capitalist

📌 Accounting & Financial Records

Accruals

Amortisation

Appropriation account

Asset life expectancy

Asset value

Assets

Assets employed

Auditing

Balance sheet

Book value

Capital and reserves

Capital employed

Capital invested

Contingent liabilities

Current assets

Current liabilities

Depreciation

Diminishing balance depreciation

Dividends

Exceptional items

Final accounts

Financial audit

Financial records

Financial statements

Fixed assets

Goodwill

Income statement

Intangible fixed assets

Inventory

Liabilities

Liquid assets

Long-term liabilities

Mortgage

Net assets

Non-current liabilities

Non-physical assets

Obsolete assets

Outstanding loans

Owners’ equity

Profit and Loss account

Reducing balance depreciation

Remaining stock value

Reserves

Residual value

Scrap value

Stock valuation

Straight line depreciation

Tangible fixed assets

Wear and tear

Zero residual value

📌 Costs, Revenue & Profit

Allocation of overheads

Break-even point

Break-even quantity

Contribution

Cost of goods sold (COGS)

Direct costs

Direct labour costs

Fixed costs

Gross profit

Gross profit margin

Indirect costs

Margin of safety

Net profit

Net profit margin

Operating profit

Output-dependent costs

Output-independent costs

Overhead costs

Overheads

Profit

Profit margin

Profit quality

Revenue

Revenue expenditure

Sales revenue

Semi-variable costs

Total revenue

Variable costs

📌 Investment & Appraisal

Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)

Average rate of return

Capital expenditure

Capital outlay

Cumulative cash flow

Discount factor

Discount rate

Discount table

Discount value

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Discounting

Expenditure

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Investment

Investment appraisal

Investment return

Net Present Value (NPV)

Payback period

Present value

Project lifespan

Qualitative investment appraisal

Quantitative investment appraisal

Risk profile

Short-termism

Short-termism approach

Time value of money

Useful life of asset

📌 Cash Flow & Liquidity

Bankruptcy

Cash

Cash flow cycle

Cash flow forecast

Cash flow statement

Cash inflows

Cash outflows

Contingency fund

Credit control

Credit period

Creditors

Debtors

Expenses

Insolvency

Liquidation

Liquidity

Liquidity crisis

Liquidity position

Liquidity problem

Net cash flow

Over-borrowing

Overdrafts

Overheads

Overstocking

Overtrading

Utility bills

Working capital

Working capital cycle

📌 Ratios & Financial Analysis

Adverse variance

Benchmark figures

Benchmarking

Creditor days

Creditor days ratio

Current ratio

Debtor days

Debtor days ratio

Efficiency ratios

Favourable variance

Gearing ratio

Highly geared

Inventory turnover

Liquidity ratios

Profitability ratios

Quick ratio

Stock turnover

Stock turnover ratio

Variance analysis

📌 Budgeting & Control

Adverse variance

Annual budgets

Budget

Budget holder

Budgetary control

Budgeted outcome

Budgeting

Cost centre

Favourable variance

Flexible budgets

Marketing budget

Master budget

Overspending

Production budget

Profit centre

Sales budget

SMART budgeting

Staffing budget

Underselling

Variance analysis

Zero-based budgeting

Business and Management Words to Use in IB Assignments

📌 External Environment

Anti-trust laws

Anticompetitive behaviour

Bureaucracy

Business ethics

Competition legislation

Consumer protection legislation

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Deregulation

Employee protection legislation

Environmental protection laws

Ethical business practice

Language barriers

Multiculturalism

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Price transparency

Private sector

Public sector

Social audits

Social enterprise

Social protection legislation

Technology and safety standards

How to Build Your Business and Management Vocabulary?

Building your Business and Management vocabulary is one of the smartest ways to boost your performance in IB assignments. Examiners want to see you use precise terminology that reflects a solid understanding of the subject. The good news? Expanding your vocabulary is less about memorizing definitions and more about actively using the right words in your writing.

One of the most effective ways is to actively use all these Business and Management words in your essays, Internal Assessments, and case study responses.

For example, instead of saying “money spent,” you can write capital expenditure.” Instead of “business owner,” you could use “entrepreneur” or “shareholder.” These subtle changes signal to examiners that you’re thinking in IB language.

You can also try these simple strategies. They work really well for me, so I recommend all of them.

  • Create flashcards with key terms and short definitions.
  • Read sample IB Business and Management essays to see how top-scoring students apply vocabulary.
  • Practice paraphrasing by rewriting your own notes using advanced terms.
  • Build word clusters (for example, all terms related to finance, marketing, or strategy) so they’re easier to recall.
  • Use vocabulary in class discussions to make it part of your natural expression.

The IB really values clear and precise writing. So, when you use the right terms, you’re making your work sound more professional and easier to follow.

From what I’ve seen, the sooner you start practicing with these words, the more natural they’ll feel when you’re writing essays or doing exams.

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